The Biased SAT Test

I've decided to explore the topic of standardized tests as my junior theme topic, and I now find myself asking a lot of questions after researching this topic for the past few days. I want to direct my topic towards the SAT and why college admission officers use the scores from this test as a measure of intelligence when applying to colleges.

Many critics claim that that SAT is a biased test, and that the test specifically "appear[s] to be biased against the African American minority group". Due to the fact that higher SAT scores give access to higher education and subsequent job placement, African American SAT test takers are less likely to further their education or receive a higher income job. In other words, the SAT is drawing social class lines.  
Further in this article, the College Board claims that "the large gaps reflect the inequities in American society -- since black students are less likely than white students to attend well-financed, generously-staffed elementary and secondary schools, their scores lag."- Again, in other words, America is the unfair, not the test. 
Race biases are hugely debated in America, but where do you think the problem lies?
Do you find America and our education system to be unfair and account for these differences or do the test deficiencies account for this?